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y39彩票2023-01-31 16:05

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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“找课本茬”背后是平等的学习姿态******

  用一副三角板能画出多少度数的角?“除了30度、45度、60度、75度……应该还有165度!”据极目新闻报道,四川成都两名四年级学生米之贤、廖钧宇发现课本上一道数学题参考答案“有问题”,自己找到的一个答案不在参考答案中,他们给教材编写组发去了邮件。编写组回信肯定了两名小学生的探究精神和严谨态度,表示要在教材修订中采纳他们的建议。

  类似“找茬”“挑刺”且成功的例子,并不鲜见。2021年秋,沈阳七年级学生崔宸溪指出英语课本上蜜蜂配图配成了食蚜蝇,出版社编辑为他点赞;当年10月,上海小学生吴叶凡发现美术课本上的“树叶”应该是数亿年前的古生物“海百合”,出版社第一时间将错误进行溯源并上报修订……

  出版社虚心接纳意见的坦诚固然值得肯定,但这些中小学生敏于思考、敢于质疑的探究精神更难能可贵。面对权威的课本,这些学生不盲从,不盲信,是其所是,非其所非,坚定地表达己见,展现出新时代中小学生积极主动求知求真的价值认定。

  尽信书不如无书。中小学课本“千锤百炼”,经过诸多专家之手,当然经得起各种推敲,也比其他读物更精准、更标准,但这并不意味着课本就完美无缺、无可挑剔了。中小学生每天与课本生活在一起,当然最熟知课本的角角落落。很多时候,即便发现问题,一些学生也没有选择发出质疑,这恐怕仍与当下部分中小学过于格式化的教育方式有关。

  我早年曾经做过三年中学语文老师,每每困惑于如何协调学生鲜活的认知与课本刻板答案之间的关系。我并非不知道,学生多一些深入思考,多一些触类旁通,多一些路径方法,更能打开他们的思维,但在应试考试的“硬杠杠面前”,很多时候只能收敛起来、压制回去。表现在行动上,就是把学生们的注意力聚拢到记诵上来,“背会就行了”“答案要标准”,久而久之,这种做法就会变得模式化,最终浓缩为成绩单上的数字。

  这当然是一种让步,乃至退步,其后果,往往会在学生未来的生涯中一点点呈现。当一茬茬学生走出校门,进入更高的学府,乃至走上社会,不少人都表现出一个共同的特点,就是不会提问,只会照办。尽管我们不能、也不应该把这个结果完全归因于当初的压制质疑,但至少,当下的教育中,应该容得下孩子们表达自己的质疑。

  此外,学生不去质疑,或者很少质疑,也与传统社会强大的因循习惯有关系。课本代表着权威,课本就是标准,这类意识往往会持续削弱大家的质疑精神。敬惜字纸也好,尊重老师也好,在很多地方、很多时候,这些观念都在无形中过滤着不同的声音。如果学生总想着从课本的纸缝中找出一些问题,难免不会被视为是“有意找茬”。

  必须认识到,“找课本的茬”,就是一种在问题意识中学习知识的绝好路径。凡事破中有立,问题意识多了,必然会逼迫你去寻求答案,探索路径。这种钻研、探究、严谨的精神,就是创新创造的开始。

  一方面,这会打破制式化标准模式,让学生从固化思维的桎梏中解脱出来,尝试去寻求不一样的路径和办法,看到不一样的风景。比如,从产生问题意识开始,发展发散思维,找到学习的方法,融会贯通、上下求索,一步步把课本读“薄”读透;又如,大家都来提问题,也会形成一种智力上的砥砺和激荡,这本身就是思想火花得以发生的基础。

  另一方面,这也会产生某种超越的心理体验,由知识超越抵达价值超越,而这种超越,对于一个崭新的灵魂而言,至关重要。毕竟,课本只是一座知识的桥梁,大家可以凭借它摆渡,但却不必过度依赖它,更不能迷信崇拜它。如此,才能形成一种科学的求知精神。

  无论如何,学习的过程,可能需要一定程度的知识灌输,以吸纳更多新知,但这不意味着学生要全盘接受。在这个过程中,学习者从姿态上是平等的,唯有时时保持求真的敏感,才能真正窥见通往新知的门径。

  龙之朱 来源:中国青年报

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